§ Rule 4539 Reproductions of Original

Rule 4539. Reproductions of original

    (a) If any business, institution, or member of a profession or calling, in the regular course of business or activity has made, kept or recorded any writing, entry, print or representation and in the regular course of business has recorded, copied, or reproduced it by any process, including reproduction, which accurately reproduces or forms a durable medium for reproducing the original, such reproduction, when satisfactorily identified, is as admissible in evidence as the original, whether the original is in existence or not, and an enlargement or facsimile of such reproduction is admissible in evidence if the original reproduction is in existence and available for inspection under direction of the court. The introduction of a reproduction does not preclude admission of the original.

    (b) A reproduction created by any process which stores an image of any writing, entry, print or representation and which does not permit additions, deletions, or changes without leaving a record of such additions, deletions, or changes, when authenticated by competent testimony or affidavit which shall include the manner or method by which tampering or degradation of the reproduction is prevented, shall be as admissible in evidence as the original.

    UNIFORM PHOTOGRAPHIC COPIES OF BUSINESSAND PUBLIC RECORDS AS EVIDENCE ACT

    2007 Main Volume

    Table of Jurisdictions Wherein Act Has Been Adopted

    For text of Uniform Act, and variation notes and annotation materials for adopting jurisdictions, see Uniform Laws
Annotated, Master Edition, Volume 14.

    Jurisdiction                                Laws                            Effective Date                               Statutory Citation

    Alabama                               1951, p. 232                 5-21-1951     [FN*]           Code 1975, §§ 12-21-44, 41-13-40.

    Arkansas                             1953, Act 64                 2-13-1953                        A.C.A. § 16-46-101.

    California                              1951, c. 346                   9-22-1951              West's Ann.Cal.Evidence Code §§ 1550,
1551.

    Colorado                               1955, c.                          138 2-10-1955        West's C.R.S.A. §§ 13-26-101 to 13-26-104.

    Connecticut                                                                                                C.G.S.A. § 52-180.

    Georgia                                1950, p. 73                        2-7-1950   [FN*]         O.C.G.A. § 24-5-26.

    Idaho                                    1951, c. 173                      7-1-1951                   I.C. §§ 9-417 to 9-419.

    Iowa                                     1951, c. 214                     2-19-1951     [FN*]        I.C.A. § 622.30.

    Kansas                                 1963, c. 303                     1-1-1964                     K.S.A. 60-469.

    Maine                                   1955, c. 264                     8-20-1955                   16 M.R.S.A. § 456.

    Maryland                               1951, c. 77                      6-1-1951            Code, Courts and Judicial Proceedings, §
10-102.

    Massachusetts                        1965, c. 661                  8-30-1965    [FN*]      M.G.L.A. c. 233, § 79E.

    Michigan                                 1961, No. 236                1-1-1963                   M.C.L.A. § 600.2147.

    Minnesota                               1951, c. 125                  3-24-1951    [FN*]      M.S.A. § 600.135.

    Nebraska                                1951, c. 56                    5-5-1951       [FN*]      R.R.S.1943, §§ 25-12,112 to 25-12,114.

    New Jersey                             1951, c. 266                  6-22-1951      [FN*]        N.J.S.A. 2A:82-38 to 2A:82-40.

    New York                                1952, c. 791                   9-1-1952                       McKinney's CPLR 4539.

    North Carolina                         1951, c.  262                  7-1-1951                      G.S. §§ 8-45.1 to 8-45.4.

    North Dakota                           1951, c. 216                  1-31-1951     [FN*]            NDCC 31-08-01.1.

    Pennsylvania                           1951, p. 1458                9-26-1951     [FN*]            42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6109.

    South Carolina                         1978, Act 552                6-30-1978                      Code 1976, § 19-5-610.

    South Dakota                          Supreme Court Order      7-1-1950                         SDCL 19-7-12.

                                                  No. 1, 1950

     Utah                                     1951, c. 58                     3-19-1951     [FN*]             U.C.A.1953, 78-25-16.

    Vermont                                1953, No. 138                  4-22-1953     [FN*]             12 V.S.A. § 1701.

    Virgin Islands                         1957, Act 160                  9-1-1957      [FN*]                5 V.I.C. § 956.

    Virginia                                  1950, c. 332                    4-5-1950      [FN*]             Code 1950, § 8.01-391.

    Washington                            1953, c. 273                   3-23-1953     [FN*]        West's RCWA 5.46.010 to 5.46.920.

    West Virginia                          1957, c. 87                     2-27-1957    [FN*]              Code, 57-1-7b.

    Wisconsin                              1951, c. 284                   6-4-1951       [FN*]              W.S.A. 889.29.

    [FN*]

    Date of approval.